In view of the serious phenomenon of blind and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer in napa cabbage production, one-time fertilizer application is too large, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is unreasonable, the blind application of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer, the insufficient application of organic fertilizer in some areas, and the serious acidification of vegetable soil. , put forward the following fertilization principles:
(1) According to the soil fertility conditions and target yield of napa cabbage, optimize the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
(2) Base fertilizer is the main method, combined with base fertilizer and top dressing. The top dressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with a reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and appropriate supplementation of trace elements. After the rosette stage of napa cabbage, the top-dressing management should be strengthened, and the top-dressing needs to be the late stage of nodding, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied 2 weeks before harvesting.
(3) The content of available boron, molybdenum and other trace elements in the calcareous soil of napa cabbage is low, and attention should be paid to the supplementation of trace elements.
(4) When the soil acidification of napa cabbage is serious, an appropriate amount of acid soil conditioner such as lime should be applied.
(5) Avoid using organic fertilizers that are not fully decomposed, and advocate the application of commercial organic fertilizers and decomposed farmyard manures to improve napa cabbage soil fertility.
(1) Application rate of organic fertilizer: The yield level of napa cabbage is 67,500-90,000 kg/ha, with 30-45 m³/ha of organic fertilizer; the yield level is 52,500-75,000 kg/ha, and 30 m³/ha of organic fertilizer is applied.
(2) The yield level of napa cabbage is 67500~90000 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 270~345 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 75~120 kg/ha, potash fertilizer (K2O) 240~300 kg/ha.
(3) The yield level of napa cabbage is 52500~67500 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 225~300 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60~90 kg/ha, potash fertilizer (K2O) 195~255 kg/ha.
If the base fertilizer does not use organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 45~75 kg/ha and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 30~45 kg/ha can be increased as appropriate.
For plots that are prone to boron trace element deficiency, or fields that have shown symptoms of boron deficiency in previous years, 15 kg of borax per hectare can be applied per hectare before sowing napa cabbage, Or use 0.1%~0.5% borax or boric acid aqueous solution for foliar spraying in the middle and later stages of growth (you can also spray with pesticides), spray once every 5~6 days, and spray 2~3 times in a row.When the soil pH for napa cabbage is less than 5, 1500-2250 kg of quicklime should be applied per hectare, which can reduce soil acidity and supplement calcium.
All organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied in strips or holes as base fertilizer, 30% of nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and 70% of nitrogen fertilizer was applied as top-dressing fertilizer in two times in combination with irrigation in the rosette stage and the early stage of carcass.
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